![]() Regulatory perspectives and terminology vary in different countries based on the concentration of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). ![]() The cannabis plant ( Cannabis sativa L.) is one of the world’s oldest crops, which has been widely cultivated due to its industrial, nutritional, medicinal, and psychotropic products. It is widely regarded as a crop with various uses and a wide range of current and future applications, including those for nutrition, energy, textiles, healthcare, and a wide range of industrial goods. It has traditionally been grown for fiber or as a crop with two uses (both grain and fiber). Hemp is unusual in that it may be used to produce a wide range of products. The multifunctional hemp’s abundance of beneficial ecological, agronomical, and pharmaceutical properties qualifies it as a useful raw material for a variety of conventional (fiber, food, oil, medicine) and advanced industrial products. The purpose of this paper is to examine historic and recent industrial hemp (grain and fiber) literature, with a focus on hemp agronomy and utilization. Hemp has the ability to successfully suppress weeds, and it is generally regarded a pesticide-free crop. In addition, hemp has been proven to be an excellent carbon trap and biofuel crop. ![]() Hemp roots have a significant potential for absorbing and storing heavy metals such as lead, nickel, cadmium, and other harmful substances. Hemp has the potential to be a very sustainable and ecologically benign crop. Hemp production technology varies depending on the type of hemp cultivated (grain, fiber, or cannabinoids), soil characteristics, and environmental factors. The ability to utilize the entire plant for multiple purposes creates opportunity for the market to value hemp products. After the 20 Farm Bill in the USA, hemp became legal and the land grand universities launched research programs. ![]() Hemp has been banned in most of the world for more than seven decades it missed out on the Green Revolution and the adoption of new technologies and varieties, creating a knowledge gap. However, the strict control of cannabis cultivation to combat illegal use, the spread of new yarns and oilseeds, and the advent of cheap synthetic fibers caused a decreased/eliminated hemp production. Cannabis has been grown/utilized for thousands of years as a fiber, grain, and drug/medicinal plant. Currently, there are increased interests in growing grain and fiber hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) as well as in large-scale hemp products. ![]()
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